Gold Nanoparticle Sensor for The Detection of CKD and Use of Nanomedicine in The Treatment of Kidney Diseases

The study was carried out in 40 patients of different age groups and their breaths were exhaled. These breaths were analyzed by the use of sensors which were basically functionalized with gold nanoparticles. Sensitivity and specificity with relation to CKD patient classification according to estimated glomerular filtration rate were determined using cross-validation. The medicine was induced after the proper analysis of the target. Results: It was found that the sensors were very useful when 2-3 nanoparticles were used together, and it showed that in between stage 1 and 2 CKD with an accuracy of 60% and in between stage 4 and stage 5 of CKD accuracy was 67%. There were various substances in breath which could identify many toxins which were accumulated due to kidney function loss.


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